1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
/ 5  

(  -1)
  : 3   :70
: (1)    -              
           
(2.) pf    ,            
       
-
1.   -             
       
2.                
   
-
3.                   
 
4.                   

2
Easy2Siksha
-
5.                 
         
6.                   

-
7.        '       
       
8. 
            
       
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
/ 5  

(  -1)
  : 3   :70
: (1)    -              
           
(2.) pf    ,            
       
-
1.   -             
       
:    
 ,    '     
 ,    
               
 ,    ,        

          :
1.  
2.   
3.   
4.  
5.  
6.  
7.   
4
Easy2Siksha
               
  ,  ,          
1.    
  -            ,

,             
  ,         ,     
     
     :
 :          ,   
,            
,            
:          
 ,  
       ,    
    
-:   
        
    ,      
2.     
          ,     
        ,    ,      
   
 
     :
:            
 
 ,           ,    
,      
  : , ,      
                
         
:        ,  
    ,         
 
 
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Easy2Siksha
3.   
  ,       ,       
 ,                
-              
     :
 :           "
"     ,        
           
 y:              , 
  ()   ( )       
           
 
  :           
   ,             
   
4.  
    -            
  ,              
,        
     :
 :   , ,         
,           
 ,              
 
:          ,    
              
      
:         -  
         ,    ,
       
5.   
          ,     

     ,         
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     :
-  :       ,  
   ,         
        ,   - 

    
 :  ,   ,        
   19
  ,   '      

 :        ,     

              
  
6.  
              , 
          ,  ,  
   
     :
  :      ,      
     ,        
            
  :      ,   ,  
   ,      
   :   ,       
  ,      ,    
      
7.    
         ,      
    ,         
     :
 :  ,   '    ,     
             ,
           
7
Easy2Siksha
   : ,        
             
              
    :           
            , 
  ,          
 
 :        
         ,    
            ,   
  ,           ,   
             
,        -  
     
        '      
                
           -    ,
     '       ,     
,                 
             
 ,             ,
   ,    ,    
                
     ,       '   
  
2.                
   
:  :  
     ,          , 
        ,     
             ,
           
 
8
Easy2Siksha
        ,  ,    
  
    
         ,    
       ' , ,  ,     
         :
1.    (-   )
o   :  , ,         
o :             , 
  25°C  30°C         ,  
 2,000           
, 

    
o   '  :           
  ,       
  ,
            , 
 
     (     )  
 
2.        (   )
o   :            , ,
        
o   :       -    
    ,     ,       
      ,      
    
o   '  :      ,   '  
 ,          , 
           ,    
       ,     
    
3. -   (  )
o   :        , ,  
       
o   :-    250   500  
   ,           
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Easy2Siksha
     ,       ,  
 
o   '  :-     
 , 
 
         ( ) 
-   '          ( 
   )         
4.    
o   :      ,    
 ,       
o   :    250      , 
      
        
 50       ,      
  
o   '  :          
            
 
 ,         
     ,     ,   ,
    -     ,    
        
5.   
o   :    , ,    
   -      
o   :   ,    , 
      ,  500   1,000
      ,      
 
o   '  :       ,   '  ,
             
   -    ,    
 
 
6.    
o   :    -  ,    ,
      
10
Easy2Siksha
o   :        -    
      '    ' -   , 
  ',    ,        
        
o   '  :           
  

       ' ,  
           
           
        
            
   ,
  ,            
       :
1.           ,   
            ' 
            
 
o  :        ,  
           ,   
        ,   
             
o  :-      ,    
            
       '    , 
,     ,          
2.                ,   
  '     
o   :    ,     ,     
       ,      
     
o    :  ,    -       
             
         ,    
            
 
11
Easy2Siksha
3.           ,    '      

o    :       ,   
         
         ,  
         
            
   
o   :   -  ,      
          ,   
              '
   
4.       -  ,      
 '    
o    :      ,    
 ,        
            
  ,     
 
o  - :      '   , 
 ,    ,     
    ,     ,    
  ,     '   
5.            
    , 
    -    
  
o  :      -     
             
   ,      
o     :  
     ,

              
 '   ,   ,       
      

    ,             
            ,
12
Easy2Siksha
        -      
,   ,         
  ,
    ,        ,
           
  
 
-
3.                   
 
:              
             ,  
              
         
         
        
 ,              
  ,          
     
       ,           
                 
 ,     
         ,       
                   
               
  -     
1.  
                
                 ,
        
 
    :  -      ,    
            ,   
      -       
13
Easy2Siksha
           ,   ' , 
               , 
-         
    :     ,     '   
             -  
  ,            
   120       ,     
    
 
            
 ,  
       
2.   
                 
    
,     ,   
      
 
 : ,   '   -      ,  
           19
       
  ,              .
     '      '   ,  
        
:,   '  ,        
           '     
  ,     -         
     .
     '    '  ,      
            
3. 
, 
  ,         
,              
    ,             
:         ,     
 ,       -      

               
              
  
         
   ,           
14
Easy2Siksha
 
   :
        
            (IOC),   
 ,             IOC 
 -         '  ,  
     
        
 ,   ' ,       ,  
          
   ,  ,
           ,     
     
 
1.     :      '       
, ,           ,
     -       -
   '           
          
2.    :    ,       
       '        
   ,      -    

3.  :         
             
   ,     '       
               
 ,           
4.      :     ,    
 '   ,      ,    , 
      ,      
           
     ,        '
            


               :
,    ,          ,
                 ,
  '   ,      '    , 
15
Easy2Siksha
       
     , 
     
          ,      
              
    ,           
   
4.                   

:              
         ,     
     ,       
 ,
      
        
1.  :     '       
    ,       ' 
   ,         ,  
  
    ,        
            
2.   :         
   ,           '
            

 ,        
 , 
  
          
3.      :         
          ,      ,
               
          
 , 

           
    
4.      :       -
    ,           
  ,      ,   '   
16
Easy2Siksha
         ,   ,  ,  
       ,       

5.       :         
           ,    
              
 ,       
 ,      
   ,            
      
6.     :  ,    , 
        , ,  
   
         
         ,   
         ,   ,  
  
7.   :         
 ,           '   
        ,       
            
  
          
1.    :    60%       
              

              ,
              ' 
       
2.   :             
    ,          
                ,
              
  (
3.    :         ,  
             , 
           
    
       
       
17
Easy2Siksha
4.  :           
       ,   , 
             ,  , 
             
     
5.      :       
 ,   ,  ,       
         ,      
          ,
           
6.        :       
   ,      (AfDB) 
      (FAO)    
             ,
       '    
     ,     
      
7.       :       ,  
             ,
   ,  -    ,  , 
                
            


      ,      
            ,  
  ,           
           ,   
  ,            
  ,           , 
    ,    ,    
                 
18
Easy2Siksha
-
5.                 
         
:    ,       ,
           -     
 , ,  ,           
 ,  ,         
 
       
  ,       ,   '   -
  -   -          
        " "    
1.  (      ):, ,   '
" "    , 20
      
   ,   (),       
             
 ,        -     
            
             
 
2. -   :     , -   
         ,    
  , BMW, ,       
        ,   ,  -
     ,     

    ,        
           
 
 
3.  :,    ,       
 ,            
          
 --  (USMCA)       
  ,              
 
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Easy2Siksha
    
            :
1.     :  ',       
               
,       ,      
  
2.   :         
             
 ,            
,                ,
   (UAW)         , 
           
3.  :         
        1913      
              
       -    
4.        :        
               
     ,   20
      
      ,         
      
5.       : ,       
 ,              
             
       
6.       : , ,    
              
 ,   -       
         USMCA     
      -       
 ,   US       
7.      :        
     -      ,  -
   ,       
  , -,        ,  
20
Easy2Siksha
,        -    
       
8.    (FDI):  ,   ,  ,  BMW, 
 ,   -         
            
       , -    
      ,   '     

    ,   '    ,  
    '        ,     
         ' -  ,    
,  ,       -     
 ,  ,            
          , -    
 '         ,     -
            
6.                   

:  -          

,            ,   
'   -         '   , 
  , , ,          
     ,   -     
      
  -      
1.    :   -     , 
              
   :
o        ,   '    
 ,              
    
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o   ,       , , ,   
     ,   ,   
  
o     -     ,  
      , ,   
          
 
o  ,   , - ,    
 ,           
    -       


2.       :   , -  
         '         
  '      , ,       
   ,        ,  ,
   ,         
 
3.       :       ' 
        , ,      
             
  '  ( ),  ( ),   ( )   
 
4.   '  :  -,   '     ,  
  ,    '       
     -  ,  ,    
  '    ,     -   
          
         
1.      :   -      
        ,   ,
             
   ,   '   ,     
              , -
      ,    
     
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2.    :   - ,   '      
 (SMEs),           '  
     -      -
      ,      
 ,
    
 ,         

 
3.  :       -    
  ,    
         
 ,         
 '   
     ,         ,
          - 
   .      ,      
  ,      
4.         :     (AfCFTA)
  
-        , 
              
   - ,   ,  
 -           

     '          '
  
5.     :      '      ,
     ,        
 ,        ,   
             
              
    
6.      :-      
           
,     , 
      
        
    
             
        ,        
  
7.    '  :    -    
,   ,     -     
     -   
 ,  
           ,  
23
Easy2Siksha
   ,    ,    
      ,   ,    
    
8.     :  -        
-    '    ,      
   ,          ,
-            -
               ,
 ,           

  
1.   :    ,    ,  ,
    , -      
          
    '     
2.        : ,  ,  -
  -  
     
     
          
            
            
3.      :     
       ,    ,  
         ,   
 
     
4. -      :AfCFTA     -
               -
          
      ,       

 ,   -         
 , ,            
    ,        
             

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-
7.        '       
       
:       
       
      ,   '
      -       
     '   
      
            330   
,      38   20
       
      ,   '      ,   
       ,         
     
 
  
              ,   
     (15-64   )        , 
  (65+ )      ,      
    ,        
    ,          
          

     ,  80%        
    ,  ,        
          ,  
      ,       
  ,
    ,           
 

            -
 ,            

      
 ,  ,    ,
       
   , 
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          ,        
    
     -        ,   
, ,             
         

       ,          100%
  ,   '          ,
  , ...,    ,   ' 
    -   -  ,
  ' ,            

     
             
   
     - ,  ,  
   
1.    :        
,          
          ,
, ,   (STEM)        
 -      ,  
        
 
2.     :         
               ,
              
         ,      
    ,     
 ,   
   (SMEs)     
 
3.     :       
              
 ,          
 ,    , ,      
           
 
          
4.    :        
         
 ,  
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Easy2Siksha
 ,  ,          -
       ,   ,  ,  ,
            ,
            
 
5.       :         
 ,     -       ,
 ,       '    
              
             
  
 
6.   :         
  -  - ,     
          ,  
          

      -      ,
  ,   ,   -  -  
               
 
 ,   '  ,   ,    
 ,            
        , ,    
             , 
         
8. 
            
       
:           ,   
                
      
       
1.      :         
           (, ,
),   ,         
27
Easy2Siksha
      ,     
      
 
2.      :        ,    
 
           
 
    
      
        
3.      :      ,
           
         , 
,     
 , 
    
     
4.    :           
           -
              
     (SMEs),       ,  
'   
5.     :        ,  
           ,  
        ,   
     
6.    '   :     ' 
   ,         '  
      ,         
       '        
    
7.        :       , -  
 ,  ,        
          '    

 (
       
1.      (AfCFTA): 2018     
    (AfCFTA)         
   54            , 
 -            
         , AfCFTA 
          
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2.    :           ,   ,
             
       ,     
       
3.  :  ,   '     
  ,           
          
,    -     
4.   :         
  ,                
      '   ,     
             (
5.  :      (FDI)     ,  
             
        FDI     ,
  '  ,           
      
6. -- (B2B) :      2030   
  --      , $660   
             
   ,      '    
7.  :  ,   , -,    ,
       
  ,   
              
   ,           
    
       
1. :     ,      
        ,     , 
           
  '             
      
2.   :          ,   
            
              
        (
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3. :            
     -    ,   
         ,   -
 '  ,         

             
,      ,           ,
     AfCFTA,  ,  ,    
                
    ,   -        
          ,    
    
:       Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         